America Must Explore Alternate Energy Sources and Cease Dealing with th

America Must Explore Alternate Energy Sources and Cease Dealing with the Corrupt Saudi Government When Mohammed al-Khilewi, a high-ranking official at the Saudi mission to the United Nations, defected to the United States in 1994, he reportedly brought with him fourteen thousand internal government documents. He claimed that these documents proved the Saudi royal family's corruption, human rights abuses, and financial and technical support for terrorist groups such as Hamas, an anti-Israeli group based in Lebanon, and Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda. Al-Khilewi and his lawyer met with two FBI agents and an assistant United States attorney. "We gave them a sampling of the documents and put them on the table," Michael J. Wildes, al-Khilewi's lawyer, said. "But the agents refused to accept them" (Hersh). Al-Khilewi was granted political asylum and never heard from the American government again. He, his wife, and their three children still live in constant fear of reprisals from the long arm of Saudi intelligence. He now wears a bulletproof vest and is constantly bracketed by bodyguards and lives under a false identity. This is an example of the growing American tolerance for Saudi government transgressions. Saudi princes "squander billions of dollars [from the Saudi coffers] on palaces in Spain and at gaming tables in Monaco"(Cockburn) while the Saudi people suffer severe unemployment and inadequate education, a major issue in a nation in which 50 percent of the population is still in school. Religious dissidents are dealt with brutally and quickly in Saudi Arabia by the mutawwa'in&emdash;religious police&emdash;and Saudi women are kept as secluded and unprivileged as those in Afghanistan under Taliban rule. ... ...ays and human rights atrocities without fear of punishment. Works Cited Cockburn, Leslie, and Andrew Cockburn. "Royal Mess." New Yorker online. 28 Nov. 1994.Available<www.newyorker.com/FROM_THE_ARCHIVE/ARCHIVES/?011015fr_archive01> 30 Dec. 2001. Hersh, Seymour M. "King's Ransom." New Yorker online. 22 Oct. 2001. Available <http://newyorker.com/FACT/?011022fa_FACT1> 30 Dec. 2001. Ireland, Doug. "Taking the Bait." In These Times online. 12 Nov. 2001 <www.inthesetimes.com/issue/25/25/feature1.shtml> 30 Dec. 2001. Mayer, Jane. "The House of bin-Laden." New Yorker online. 11 Nov. 2001. Available <www.newyorker.com/FACT/?011112fa_FACT3> 30 Dec. 2001 Surowiecki, James. "The Real Price of Oil." New Yorker online. 3 Dec. 2001. Available <www.newyorker.com/THE_TALK_OF_THE_TOWN/CONTENT/?011203ta_talk_surowiecki> 30 Dec. 2001

Concept of Classical and Modern Management Essay

While classical and scientific management theories come from generally the same school of business thought, there are some distinct differences within the subgroups. First, there’s classical scientific management theory which concentrates on the efficiency of the individual worker. Secondly, you have classical administrative that focuses on the organization rather than the individual worker within. Each have their merits but are also over 100 years old and can have deficiencies in today’s technologically advanced workplace. However, that doesn’t mean that the theories are outdated by any means. You just need to use them as supplements and not a primary or sole management strategy. To understand and implement the classical and scientific management theory basics, you need to know the basis and the pros and cons of the theories. Once you have the basics down, it’ll reduce process procedure problems during implementation. Therefore, before you institute any o f the policies there are a few items to consider: 1. Know the origins of classical and scientific management theory. 2. Understand the pros and cons of scientific and classical management theory. 3. Study cases and examples of scientific and classical management theories. Examine the tenants of classical and scientific management theory Any theory, no matter what the application, won’t work if you don’t understand the basis on which it’s built. One of the basic differences between the two are classical focuses on management and scientific on methods to accomplish good business management. Try: Evaluate the essential aspects of Scientific Management theory. Then, examine the comparison of the two types of management in this article on the Classical Schools of Management. Be sure you know the pros and cons of classical theory in business There’s no single management theory that you’ll be able to apply to every situation and have it work. For instance, the classical school of management relies on the experience of management more than other theories. This is fine if your staff is mature. However, you’ll need to adjust the theory application for inexperienced staff members. Try: Study the benefits and limitations on the Scientific Management Theory at 12manage – The Executive Fast Track. Then, examine the weaknesses of Classical Management theory at ArticlesGratuits.com to compare and contrast the two. Use case studies and real world examples to understand scientific and classical school of management A proper knowledge base can’t be obtained without seeing how theories apply to situations that you’ll experience on the job. Case studies and critiques are a great way to accomplish this. Try: Register at the Business Network and evaluate the classical school of management case study. Utilize the classical management real world mistake by Steven C. McConnell. †¢Classical theory of management or any style of management is contingent on the employees to which you apply it. Be sure that the theory you choose will work correctly with your staff before making any changes.

Similarities And Differences Between The Chimney Sweeper...

Both â€Å"The Chimney Sweepers† poems were written during the industrial revolution. During the industrial revolution families were living in poverty, and times were challenging. Often times for families to survive they would sell their children to master sweeps, or master sweeps would welcome orphans and homeless children into the industry of menial labour. They used children between the ages of five to ten depending on their size. Parents would often sell their children younger, because their small frames were more desirable. Even though â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† (1789) and â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† (1794) were written five years apart they show many similarities and differences. A major difference between the two puzzles is the way the author†¦show more content†¦Never mind it, for when your head’s bare, You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair† (line 6-8). Also in the fifth stanza Tom describes his dream. â€Å"Then naked and white, all their bags left behind, They rise upon clouds and sport in the wind; And the angel told Tom, if he’d be a good boy, He’d have God for his father, and never want joy† (line 21-24). He dreams that after chimney sweepers die they go on to see God and live happily. The children just have to pay the price on earth before they have happiness, but they were all very hopeful. However, the children’s mood changes completely in Songs of Experience. â€Å"And because I am happy and sing, They think they have done me no injury† (line 9-10). The children are becoming more and more bitter. All their hope is being lost overtime. Now the children don’t think they hav e a plan for the future. This lifestyle has had a major impact on their life. Being chimney sweepers, being tormented and having to endure terrible conditions. The absence of the parents in both poems is noticeable. In Songs of Innocence â€Å"And my father sold me while yet my tongue† (line 2) and in Songs of Experience it stats â€Å"†Where are thy father and mother? Say! â€Å"They are both gone up to the church to pray.† (line 3-4). In Songs of Innocence the child’s mother died when he was young and his father had to sell him. However in Songs of Experience it does not stat much, but the reader knows, and can infer that both parents areShow MoreRelatedDifferences And Similarities Between The Chimney Sweepers, 1789. ( 1789 )987 Words   |  4 PagesDifferences and similarities between the chimney sweepers (1789) and (1794) In the late 18th century, the industrial revolution was thriving, Families would sell their children to business men who would make them work, for them. A very common job for these kids would be chimney sweeping. They started working as young as the age of three years old. In 1789 and 1794, William Blake wrote 2 poems, about the life of a young chimney sweepers and his point of view of this everyday event. There areRead More In William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, many872 Words   |  4 PagesInnocence and Songs of Experience, many of the poems correlate in numerous aspects. For example, The Chimney Sweeper is a key poem in both collections that portrays the soul of a child The Chimney Sweeper in Innocence vs. The Chimney Sweeper in Experience In William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, many of the poems correlate in numerous aspects. For example, The Chimney Sweeper is a key poem in both collections that portrays the soul of a child with both a naà ¯ve and experiencedRead More An Analysis of Blakes The School Boy Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesjoy destroyed that can be seen in other poems in the collection such as The Chimney Sweeper in Experience with its comparison of the child who was happy on the heath to now Crying weep! weep! in notes of woe! . The poem begins in Stanza I with the poet giving us a pastoral image of the innocence of nature reminiscent of that in The Introduction from Innocence, some critics have pointed out the similarity of The distant huntsman winds his horn in this poem with Piping down the valleysRead More Themes and Styles in Songs of Experience Essay3271 Words   |  14 Pageslove for others, and the second, of Love as self-absorption and possessiveness. The first stanza seems to belong to the Songs of Innocence sequence, and the final stanza to Songs of Experience, and perhaps it is left to the reader to adjudicate between the two attitudes. However, as a poem in the Songs of Experience sequence, it is important that the final words are given to the selfish Pebble rather than to the down-trodden Clod, perhaps suggesting that it is the formers attitude which isRead MorePoetry Essay Prompt2545 Words   |  11 Pagesessay in which you explain what characteristics of the second poem make it better than the first. Refer specifically to details of both poems. 1978 Poem: â€Å"Law Like Love† (W. H. Auden) Prompt: Read the poem and the write an essay discussing the differences between the conceptions of law in lines 1-34 and those in lines 35-60. 1979 Poems: â€Å"Spring And All† (William Carlos Williams) and â€Å"For Jane Meyers† (Louise Gluck) Prompt: Read the two poems carefully. Then write a well-organized essay in which youRead MoreA Comparison of Blake, Wordsworth and Keats2554 Words   |  11 Pagescondense so much life into so little space. The thought of impending death would be enough to make anyone fall into hopeless despair but Keatss incredible talents and commitment to live in the moment perhaps allowed him to three lifetimes. The Chimney Sweeper is a quintessential Blake poem as it embodies his belief in looking towards the future for hope and comfort. Additionally, the poem is a perfect example of a childs movement from innocence to experience. The young narrator was forced into theRead MoreThomas Paine And America A Prophecy2237 Words   |  9 Pagestwelve years govern o’er the strong: and in their end should come, when France receiv’d the Demons light† (lines 14-16). This references the twelve-year difference between the American Revolution and the French Revolution as Blake wrote America a Prophecy and a similar story, Europe a Prophecy, during the French Revolution. Blake’s connection between the two revolutions had come from a poem he had written before the prophetic books. America a Prophecy is not the first piece that Blake has written thatRead MoreGrammar: Figures of Speech5410 Words   |  22 PagesRichard Cushing Ambiguity (am-bi-gyoo-i-tee) - The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. Analogy - A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. Analogies can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging. Ex. He that voluntarily continues ignorance

An Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay

The editors of anthologies containing T. S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock invariably footnote the reference to Lazarus as John 11:1-44; rarely is the reference footnoted as Luke 16:19-31. Also, the reference to John the Baptist is invariably footnoted as Matthew 14:3-11; never have I seen the reference footnoted as an allusion to Oscar Wildes Salome. The sources that one cites can profoundly affect interpretations of the poem. I believe that a correct reading of Eliots Prufrock requires that one cite Wilde, in addition to Matthew, and Luke, in addition to John, as the sources for the John the Baptist and Lazarus being referenced. Furthermore, the citation of these sources can help explain Eliots allusion to†¦show more content†¦But though I have wept and fasted, wept and prayed, Though I have seen my head (grown slightly bald) brought in upon a platter, I am no prophet--and heres no great matter... (81-83) The reference is not only to Matthew 14:3-11, but also to Oscar Wildes Salome, the play upon which Richard Strauss based his opera Salome. In the biblical account, no motivation is ascribed to Salome for wanting John the Baptist killed. In the versions by Wilde and Strauss, however, Salome is passionately in love with the imprisoned John the Baptist, who, because he will not let the temptations of the flesh corrupt his pure love of God, rejects her advances. Wildes Salome, determined that if she cannot have John no one will have John, asks Herod for the Baptists head on a platter. John the Baptist spurned Salomes affections while he lived; now that he is dead, Salome lavishes her kisses upon the cold lips of the bloody corpse-head. Prufrock, too, has had his moments of temptation: he has known the arms already, known them all-- / Arms that are braceleted and white and bare / (But in the lamplight, downed with light brown hair!) (62-64). And these very sources of temptation, these arms that lie along a table, or wrap about a shawl (67), eventually emasculate Prufrock by rejection:Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1386 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Love Song of T.S Eliot† In â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† the reader can clearly understand that T.S Eliot is straightforward as one can get within a poem. In the beginning of the poem, one can infer that Prufrock is being used as a facade to convey Eliot’s inner self who is an introvert that doesn’t quite fit in with the modern day society. â€Å"Prufrock† sees his personal life as a burden that he cannot mend while he tries to conform into the middle class society that everyone views asRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesA Literary Analysis of T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† T.S. Eliot was one among few poets and authors that dominated the years between the First and Second World Wars. Eliot showed his use of modernism techniques through â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, creating a powerful reputation around the world, particularly as a member of The Lost Generation in the 1920s. Eliot moved to and settled in London where he worked with famous poets including Ezra Pound, and published hisRead MoreCritical Analysis : The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock895 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Two- Critical Analysis Writing a critical analysis is diving into the text. Readers must break down all parts of the text and pin pointing the author s purpose for the writing. A very challenging poem to analysis is T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†. It has been declared that â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† started that Anglo-American modernist movement with poetry. The poem was the first poem with American poetry to flow free verse. At the time, it was deemedRead MoreAnalysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay602 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock J. Alfred Prufrock constantly lived in fear, in fear of life and death. T. S. Eliot divided his classic poem into three equally important sections. Each division provided the reader with insight into the mental structure of J. Alfred Prufrock. In actuality, Prufrock maintained a good heart and a worthy instinct, but he never seemed to truly exist. A false shadow hung over his existence. Prufrock never allowed himself to actually live. He hadRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1497 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The human psyche has perpetually been characterized by a nagging sense of doubt. When one makes the decision to follow through (or, rather, not follow through) with an action, it is unlikely that he does so without questioning whether he made the right choice; this is recurring theme in literature, evident in works such as Crime and Punishment and A Separate Peace. T.S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock explores the universal natureRead More Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay: An Analysis846 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The general fragmentation of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is obvious. The poem seems a perfect example of what Terry Eagleton calls the modern transition from metaphor to metonymy: unable any longer to totalize his experience in some heroic figure, the bourgeois is forced to let it trickle away into objects related to him by sheer contiguity. Everything in Prufrock trickles away into parts related to one another only by contiguityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1529 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of the setting of the poems â€Å"The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"Something Whispered in the Shakuhachi† â€Å"The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"Something Whispered in the Shakuhachi† are poems written by T.S. Eliot and Garrett Hongo correspondently. Both poems put a great emphasis on the depiction of the narrator’s emotion. The poems are focused on feelings and emotions of their narrators. At the same time, it should noted that a lot of attractive in both poems is given to the settingRead MoreThe Love Song Of J Alfred Prufrock Analysis934 Words   |  4 Pagesyou do something that you love than you will have a deeper desire to continue or to succeed in it. In The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock a man doesnt know why his life is so horrible. He wanders the streets of his past looking for why hes life is so dull. The man doesnt know what is wrong with his life, he doesnt understand why life is so hard. T. S. Eliot in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock teaches us about how hard life can be on a single and routine man. Prufrock, the main character, demonstratesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Love Song Of J Alfred Prufrock1007 Words   |  5 Pagesinterrelation between time and decay conveys the transformative impact of industrialisation upon modern society. Modernity altered the human psyche into a detached, fragmentation of its previous form prior to the Modernist world. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and Preludes provide a poetic representation of how the corrosion of traditionalism preceded a sense of abandonment and isolation which infects individuals within the urban setting. Despite conveying early 20th century receptions of industrialisationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1064 Words   |  5 PagesLoneliness is a feeling that we have all felt here and there. A man in the poem â€Å" The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† by T.S Eliot feels trapped which caused him to have disorders. Nothing has never changed from living in the same city and not using his time wis ely. He tried numerous ways to approach women but his low self esteem stopped him from moving forward. Although Prufrock seems like a miserable person, Prufrock suffers from obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, and paranoia that caused him

Impact Of World War II On The World Essay - 2341 Words

Impacts of World War II Felicia M. Vucko 10/08/2016 U.S Social History Since 1865-22289318 â€Å"The world the American people had tried to exclude after the First World War could not forever be kept at bay.† (The Great Depression and World War II;Kennedy, David). World War II began in the year 1939 and lasted until 1945. (history.com,Pearl Harbor) Many of the issues that arose during the Second World War was initial baggage from the First World War. The Treaty of Versailles was the reason why the First World War ended between the Allied Powers and Germany. (history.com). During this time, the United States wanted as little involvement with Europe’s controversies. Meanwhile, the United States did not know at the time that Japan was a threat to our country because of unresolved issues prior to Pearl Harbor. (history.com). The common denominator between both of our countries in this era was that we were both in financial crises. (Gilder Legrman, Institure of American History) The United States was suffering from the Great Depression and Japan was in a fina ncial crisis. One of the reasons that the United States was not in favor of Japan was because we did not support their attacks on China. â€Å"The United States allied with China when Japan declared war on China in 1937† (Office of The Historian). â€Å"The United States responded to the aggression with a battery of economic sanctions and trade embargoes† (Pearl Harbor and the road to war, history.com). Japan was upsetShow MoreRelatedWorld War II And Its Impact On The World1593 Words   |  7 Pagesto mind when you hear about World War II? Is it how it greatly affected different societies or how scary it is to think that a terrorist like Hitler gained so much power over so many countries? Well, the real question that we should be really thinking and learning about is what is World War II about? In general, World War II was a war that involved many countries that started after the First World War. It started in 1939 and ended during 1945. It was a very important war to all people, involving manyRead MoreWorld War II And Its Impact On Japan1513 Words   |  7 Pages After World War II, new influences and ideals started to make an impact on Japan like never before. Japan’s defeat resulted in westernization, and the country started to transform into what it is known for today—modern manufacturing for countries all over the world. Many traditionalists disapproved of this idea of transitioning into being iconic for materialistic and bourgeois ideologies and now felt isolated within their own country because their views were extremely different from theRead Moreimpact of World War I and World War II on the United States1631 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Compare the impact of World War I and World War II on the United States Introduction: The First World War was battled from: 1914 to 1918 and the Second World War was battled from: 1939 to 1945. They were the biggest military clashes in the history. Both wars included military organizations together between diverse gatherings of nations. The Second World War had a much more prominent effect on American culture than the First World War did. One noteworthy effect of the Second World Wars was the developmentRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On World War II1219 Words   |  5 Pagestechnological advancement, World War II was usually marked as the turning point of technological advancement. It was known for its strong influences on dramatic changes in technology. Although World War II caused enormous casualty, the weaponry advancement advanced technology that could also be used in everyday life and thereby improved post war society. Though nuclear fission technology was first invented in the 1895, its potential was not revealed until the end of World War II. Nuclear experiments wereRead MoreTelevision And Its Impact On The World War II2562 Words   |  11 Pageswould have on the opinions and attitudes of the people of the world. Television represented a new opportunity to bring not only audio like radio but to place an image in every home. Along with the work of many other inventors television was soon to become a viable medium of entertainment and news but it did face many setbacks. At first television was a novelty, completely overshadowed by the established medium of radio. Before World War II very few homes contained a television and broadcasters mostlyRead MoreThe Impact of World War II on the United States674 Words   |  3 Pages World War II had an extensive impact of the United States. In spite of all the battles being fought off America mainland, the war affected all aspects of American life back h ome. World War II may be known as the worst war in history, but a lot of good came out of it. If it was not for World War II many economic changes, social changes, and political changes may have never happened. Prior to WWII the economy was in bad shape. The U.S. was in a depression. Unemployment was at twenty five percentRead MoreThe Impact Of World War II On The United States1633 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II was one of the most traumatic events that happened in the mid 1900’s, spanning from September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945. It damaged families and alliances, eradicated loved ones, and drastically changed the U.S. economy. Because of these economic changes, the United States has suffered many hardships, but they have also experienced great opportunities of wealth and great success. Some of the hardships and successes include: war bonds, the manufacturing of wartime and military weaponryRead MoreHitler s Impact On The World War II1636 Words   |  7 PagesIn the year 1940, many Germans stood at a square, saluting and chanting Hitler s name. World War II has begun and many Germans hope for improvements in the economy. Their leader is Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler, dic tator of Germany in World War II, was a powerful speaker who caused over 5 million deaths in concentration camps. Though Hitler s impact can be felt in modern times, the roots of his atrocious behavior began at childhood—more specifically—high school. Years before Adolf Hitler was bornRead MoreWomen s Impact On The World War II1361 Words   |  6 PagesIn the years after the Second World War, people created uncountable numbers of historiographical research on various topics related to the war, such as military tactics in battles, individual groups of men during their time in service, and other such subjects. Not much surprise exists then, that women’s actions in World War II eventually would also gain interest and publication for the public, though it did not gain an undivided focus until the advent of women’s and social history grew momentum.Read MoreJapan s Impact On The World War II Essay2066 Words   |  9 PagesOn December 8, 1941 President Franklin D. Roosevelt received approvement from congress to declare war on Japan due to their horrendous attack on Pearl Harbor and other actions such as taking over parts of China. On December 7, 1941 hundreds of Japanese fighters launched a surprise attack on an American Naval base in Oahu, Hawaii just before 8:00 a.m. that morning. On that horrible day, about 2,300 Americans died because of the attack, and even more were injured. The attack lasted about two hours

Foundation of Management Communication Gap among Employee

Question: Discuss about the Foundation of Management for Communication Gap among Employee. Answer: Introduction: The success of a business organization is highly dependent on organizational culture and behavior. Decision-making is one of the most effective cultures that most of the organization should maintain in order to run their business success successfully. In order to take an appropriate decision regarding a particular business, the relation between the employers and the employees has to be strong. Otherwise, the organization has to face information gap. Care Australia is one of the most well known non-profit organizations that deal with the poor inhabitants of Australia in order to make them active in various regional business activities (Fandel and Gal 2012). This particular organization had to face a disastrous consequence due to an ineffective decision making process. At a time, the management did not maintain proper employee relation within the workplace. As a result, communication gap took place in among the employees. B2M solution on the other hand is one of the largest technological companies occupying a predominant place in various places of Australia (Yager and Kacprzyk 2012). This particular organization implemented diversity management at a time at the workplace for providing equal priority and response to every employee. It has been observed that employees were unable to exchange necessary information due to the psychological barrier. Consequently, employees failed to provide an effective service to the customers. In addition, CATO, council of tour operator had faced numerous difficulties due to the information gap inside the organization. Therefore, exchanging the necessary information is highly important to maintain strong communication at the workplace (Kacprzyk and Fedrizzi 2012). Review of four articles: The article The impact of human resource information systems: An exploratory study in the public sector published by Beadles et al. (2015), the author has stated that human resource managers have to play a major role in order to maintain an effective information system inside the workplace. They have to act as an intermediate in between employees and the employers. Human resource managers by interacting with the employees tend to know about the needs and demands, satisfaction and dissatisfaction level so that they can inform these to the employers. Therefore, this particular department has to be very much conscious in order to maintain a balance in employment relation. In the article, Information sharing and collaborative behaviors in enabling supply chain performance: A social exchange perspective, by Wu, Chuang and Hsu (2014), the author has pointed out that information exchange is not possible for any business organization if the employees or the managers do not follow collaborative behavior at the workplace. The overarching term collaborative behavior implies that both the employees and the managers should participate equally for achieving the business goal. They should take a collective decision regarding any kind of business goal. Group leadership and shared task representations in decision-making groups by van Ginkel and van Knippenberg (2012), implies that business organizations should follow group leadership at the workplace in order to maintain an effective communication with each other. Every individual leader should be connected with in a single group so that the rhythm of entire business process can be discussed. In order to provide an effective service to the customers, the employees of a particular business organization should maintain an effective communication with each other. Group leadership is one of the most effective ways based on which the entire process of business and its necessary information can be received. The article, Social media peer communication and impacts on purchase intentions: A consumer socialization framework, by Wang, Yu and Wei (2012) has discussed the importance of information for a business organization from different point of view. As per the point of view of the author, it can be stated that social media is one of the major platforms in order to keep a constant communication with regular customers. People from different geographical boundary tend to provide a feedback regarding the product and service process of the organization (Zadeh, Fu and Tanaka 2014). After getting necessary information on the response of customers, the business managers like to change organizational strategies and policies for meeting customers needs and demands. As per the point of view of four authors, it can be evaluated that information is not only important for maintaining effective decision making, but also information is the pillar of business success. Decision making theory: Decision making theory believes that an individual should keep intellectual at the time of any kind of crisis or risk factors. In order to run an organization successfully, risk factors as well as the crises are the major parts. The management cannot precede their business process by avoiding crisis (Cornish and Clarke 2014). Therefore, it is highly important to make any kind of decision peacefully and logically. Risk analysis is one of the most important parts of taking effective decision for meeting business goal. If one particular business strategy or policy fails to draw the customers attention, the managers should think of an alternative business strategy in order to maintain a balance in between demands and supply of products and services. In decision-making theory, it has also been pointed out that employees should share necessary information with each other in order to provide effective service to the customers. Consistency theory: Consistency theory believes that maintaining consistency in performance is more difficult than performing well for once. In order to keep up the image and reputation of an organization, employees have to perform well repeatedly. Performance of an employee is dependent on organizational structure as well as culture (Gal, Stewart and Hanne 2013). The communication among the employees has to be strong so that they can provide an effective service process to the customers. Exchanging information at the workplace is one of the biggest reasons of performance consistency. Especially customer service department should share relevant information with other so that customers do not have to wait for getting the service of a particular business organization. Impact of information exchange for the success of an organization: Information exchange is possessed with both of its positive as well as negative impacts. However, the impacts are as follows: Maintaining strong communication: If one particular employee shares necessary information with other, the communication in between the two employees remains strong. Strong communication always helps to maintain organizational discipline and behavior (Glimcher and Fehr 2013). On the other hand, employees feel courageous to maintain unity at the workplace. Their unanimous effort renders organizational success and achievement. Appropriate decision-making: The managers have to play a major role in making an organizational decision. Managers are able to take a right decision only when they have an in-depth and clear knowledge about the actual flow of business (Hwang and Lin 2012). Employees should provide relevant information to the managers so that they can take an effective decision on the success of organization. While making an effective business strategy and policy, the managers have to be concerned the current needs and demands of the customers. As per the desires and needs, the managers of a business organization tend to make business policy for drawing their attention. Employees are the only source based on which the organizational managers can get the response of the customers. Therefore, their way of information decides whether this particular organization is able to take an appropriate decision for fulfilling customer satisfaction rate. At the same time, exchanging information is not devoid of some of its negative effects as well: Leakage of information: One of the major disadvantages of information exchange is the tendency of leakage. Employees have tendency to break the confidentiality of data to others. As a result, the market strategies and policies are leaked out to the competitors, which come as a major threat for the business organization (Hwang and Lin 2012). However, in order to overcome this kind of situation, the organization should follow strictly data protection act based on which the employees are bound to keep organizational data confidential. Otherwise, this individual may have to legal issues for leaking information (Zadeh, Fu and Tanaka 2014). As per data protection act, information should not be disclosed to any third party without taking permission of the concerned person. Conclusion: The entire study has provided an in-depth understanding on the importance of information for making an effective decision regarding the business goal. After reviewing the article of four eminent authors, it can be evaluated that information is highly necessary for rendering the success of a business organization. At the same time, it is also undeniable that these four articles are not devoid of some of its major disadvantages. Each article has focused to discuss on one single perspective (Cornish and Clarke 2014). The role of human resource managers, the effect of collaborative behaviors, the importance of group leadership at the workplace, the impact of social media in providing necessary information to the employees are the primary focus of discussion. The role of every manager as well as the employees for exchanging decision at the workplace has not been pointed out in those four articles. Reference List: Beadles, I.I., Aston, N., Lowery, C.M. and Johns, K., 2015. The impact of human resource information systems: An exploratory study in the public sector.Communications of the IIMA,5(4), p.6. Cornish, D.B. and Clarke, R.V. eds., 2014.The reasoning criminal: Rational choice perspectives on offending. Transaction Publishers. Fandel, G. and Gal, T. eds., 2012.Multiple Criteria Decision Making Theory and Application: Proceedings of the Third Conference Hagen/Knigswinter, West Germany, August 2024, 1979(Vol. 177). Springer Science Business Media. Gal, T., Stewart, T. and Hanne, T. eds., 2013.Multicriteria decision making: advances in MCDM models, algorithms, theory, and applications(Vol. 21). Springer Science Business Media. Glimcher, P.W. and Fehr, E. eds., 2013.Neuroeconomics: Decision making and the brain. Academic Press. Hwang, C.L. and Lin, M.J., 2012.Group decision making under multiple criteria: methods and applications(Vol. 281). Springer Science Business Media. Kacprzyk, J. and Fedrizzi, M. eds., 2012.Multiperson decision making models using fuzzy sets and possibility theory(Vol. 18). Springer Science Business Media. van Ginkel, W.P. and van Knippenberg, D., 2012. Group leadership and shared task representations in decision making groups.The Leadership Quarterly,23(1), pp.94-106. Wang, X., Yu, C. and Wei, Y., 2012. Social media peer communication and impacts on purchase intentions: A consumer socialization framework.Journal of Interactive Marketing,26(4), pp.198-208. Wu, L., Chuang, C.H. and Hsu, C.H., 2014. Information sharing and collaborative behaviors in enabling supply chain performance: A social exchange perspective.International Journal of Production Economics,148, pp.122-132. Yager, R.R. and Kacprzyk, J. eds., 2012.The ordered weighted averaging operators: theory and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Zadeh, L.A., Fu, K.S. and Tanaka, K. eds., 2014.Fuzzy sets and their applications to cognitive and decision processes: Proceedings of the usjapan seminar on fuzzy sets and their applications, held at the university of california, berkeley, california, july 1-4, 1974. Academic press.

Sports World Should Be Drug - Drug Control Law

Sports World Should Be Drug Free Critique on ?The Sports World Should be Drug Free? This article was derived on the question: Why the sports world should be drug free? Barry McCaffrey's answer to this question is based on a simple assumption that drug usage in sports has a direct impact on children which will ultimately lead to downfall of sports. The essay takes on the belief that all or most kids look up to athletes. And if these athletes do drugs then kids will do drugs. It is directed to the athletes themselves, coaches, and the parents of all children. McCaffrey states that after the death of athlete Len Bias, youth cocaine use suddenly dropped (page 1). It seems that this is a safe assumption because after a death of a famous athlete, people as well as children learn the disastrous effect of drug use. He also believes that when athletes use drugs and are rewarded for their athleticism kids get the misimpression that drugs are not dangerous to their well being, dreams and aspirations (page 1). This essay is compelling and also logical. We as a culture know that children look up to all athletes. They are pictured on cereal boxes, sneaker ads, cartoons, etc?. The author makes the natural assumption that if these athletes use drugs that kids will get the picture that it is alright for them to use them as well. His argument is very convincing especially for a parent. He gives evidence that professional organizations are know getting involved to take a stand against drug usage. McCaffrey states, ? Eighteen Major League Baseball teams are showing anti-drug public service announcements in their stadiums at home games. Major league soccer is sending strong anti-drug messages to its young fans. On October 23rd , as part of the Office of Drug Policy's athletic initiative, the first ever ?National Coachathon Against Drugs? will see coaches across the nation?from pee wee to the big leagues?starting practices with messages against drugs? (page 2). The only thing about McCaffrey's argument is that he didn't consider the other side's point of view. He must of thought they did not have a relevant case to even consider their view. He did a good job researching and making a firm strong point. Bibliography McCaffrey, Barry R. The Sports World Should Be Drug Free St. Petersburg Times. September 9, 1998. p. 12A